În domeniul automatizării industriale, există două arhitecturi principale pentru proiectarea calculatoarelor industriale încorporate și anume arhitecturile închise și deschise. Produsele structurii sistemului închis nu depind de un anumit standard de magistrală și sunt special concepute pentru o anumită sarcină specifică. Sunt foarte specifice și se numesc încorporare la nivel de cip{0}}. Designul arhitecturii deschise se bazează pe un anumit tip de standard de autobuz industrial deschis. Bazându-se pe o astfel de deschidere și standarde, producătorii de computere industriale au conceput produse cu diverse caracteristici și o gamă largă de produse pentru ca utilizatorii să aleagă flexibil, cum ar fi plăci CPU, plăci I/O analogice și plăci I/O digitale. Utilizatorii de computere industriale pot selecta un anumit număr de șabloane funcționale în funcție de situația reală a sarcinii și le pot combina în sisteme de aplicații corespunzătoare la o viteză rapidă, scurtând astfel foarte mult ciclul de dezvoltare, reducând costurile de dezvoltare și simplificând upgrade-urile și întreținerea produselor. si convenabil. Metoda de încorporare a clasei se numește încorporare la nivel de placă. Calculatorul industrial tradițional nu numai că are aceeași viteză și performanță ca PC-ul (cum ar fi interfața de operator matur, algoritm de control complex și procesor rapid), dar are și următoarele caracteristici:
● Robustness. The use environment of the industrial computer is complex, such as high temperature and high dust environment, which may also need to withstand shock and vibration. The industrial computer is required to have stable and reliable power supply, good cooling performance, and strong card fixing ability.
● Reliability. The MTBF index is greater than 10,000 hours, which requires conservative circuit and heat dissipation design, solid-state non-rotating disk drives and fine cable connections to ensure.
● Low MTTR index. Industrial PCs generally use passive backplanes or industrial motherboards with active circuits removed, and their functions are distributed to other plug-in boards. Therefore, once the plug-in board fails, it can be replaced quickly.
● Modularity. The industrial computer that controls the equipment requires more than two serial ports, analog and digital I/O, motion control, PLC interconnection capabilities, display, etc.
● Real-time. The industrial computer must have time and event-driven capabilities, and be able to monitor and control the changes in the working conditions of the production process in real time. When the process parameters deviate from the set value or even malfunction, it can quickly deal with it.
Compared with traditional industrial computer, the hardware design of embedded industrial computer also needs to consider the following factors:
● Compatibility. The hardware design of the embedded industrial computer must be fully compatible with PC and MS-DOS, and make full use of the software and hardware resources accumulated by the PC.
Overcome the bottleneck of bus data width and speed. On the one hand, the standard industrial bus makes the system open, on the other hand, it also hinders the performance of the industrial computer processor. A better way is to adopt All in one and I/O bus design schemes, which can improve performance and maintain backward compatibility. As the amount of data collection increases, control strategies and control algorithms become more optimized and complex, and the requirements for industrial computer processing capabilities, memory access speeds, and real-time response capabilities are getting higher and more stringent. The local high-speed bus and the slow system bus are combined design, that is, the CPU, memory, watchdog, hard disk, and I/O interfaces that require high-speed access are built on an All in one template, which is relatively slow. Putting the fast I/O part on the bus is a reasonable and realistic solution. Adopt a new memory system based on Flash memory. The new memory system takes Flash memory as the core, has the characteristics of small system, low power consumption, light weight, sturdiness and high reliability, and can better meet the requirements of various harsh embedded applications. Flash memory, with its advantages of high density, high speed, non-volatile, electrically rewritable, and high reliability, provides a guarantee for the realization of the ideal of full solidification operation of industrial control system software. System failure monitoring and automatic recovery. Nowadays, the watchdog circuit has become an indispensable part of the embedded industrial computer design. It can quickly alarm when the system breaks down, and make the system automatically resume operation without human intervention. Use PC compatible, highly integrated embedded microprocessor.
